Dating the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of SARS-CoV-2

Live Resources

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What's the point?

To estimate the time of COVID-19 emergence we use simple root-to-tip regression (Korber et al. 2000 (opens new window); more complex and powerful phylodynamics methods could certainly be used, but for this data with very low levels of sequence divergence, simpler and faster methods suffice). From the set of all COVID-19 sequences available as of Feb 16, 2020 we obtain an MRCA date of Oct 24, 2019, which is close to other existing estimates Rambaut 2020 (opens new window).

Outline

This analysis consists of two components - a Galaxy workflow and a Jupyter notebook. To use a Jupyter Notebook in a Galaxy workflow see these short instructions (opens new window).

The workflow is used to extract full length sequences of SARS-CoV-2, tidy up their names in FASTA files, produce a multiple sequences alignment and compute a maximum likelihood tree.

The Jupyter notebook is used to correlate branch lengths with collection dates in order to estimate MRCA timing.

Inputs

One input is required: a comma-separated file containing accession numbers and collection dates:

Accession,Collection_Date
MT019531,2019-12-30
MT019529,2019-12-23
MT007544,2020-01-25
MN975262,2020-01-11
...

An up-to-date version of this file can be generated directly from the NCBI Virus (opens new window) resource by

1. searching for SARS-CoV-2 (NCBI taxid: 2697049) sequences
2. configuring the list of results to display only the Accession and Collection date columns
3. downloading the Current table view result in CSV format

The collection dates will be taken from the corresponding GenBank record's /collection_date tag.

Outputs

The Galaxy workflow generates a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree. This tree and the initial workflow input of accession numbers and collection times are then used in the Jupyter notebook to calculate an estimate of the time to the most recent common ancestor of all samples.

History and workflow

A Galaxy workspace (history) containing the most current analysis can be imported from here (opens new window).

The publicly accessible workflow (opens new window) can be downloaded and installed on any Galaxy instance. It contains version information for all tools used in this analysis.

BioConda

Tools used in this analysis are also available from BioConda:

Name	Link
ncbi-acc-download	(opens new window)
picard	(opens new window)
mafft	(opens new window)
fasttree	(opens new window)